Seems 2.17 is a first version with the issue (didn't check 2.16 though). With 2.15 SSE version of floor(double) is used.

Testcase

#include <math.h>
#define N 1000
#define TYPE float
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  TYPE uu = 0.5;
  int i;
 
  for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
    uu += floor(uu + (TYPE)argc);
 
  return (int)uu;
 
}

Compiler options:
-m32 -O2 -mfpmath=sse -ffast-math -march=corei7

Snippet from objdump for 2.15:

 80482d0:       0f 28 c8                movaps %xmm0,%xmm1
 80482d3:       f3 0f 5a c0             cvtss2sd %xmm0,%xmm0
 80482d7:       f3 0f 58 ca             addss  %xmm2,%xmm1
 80482db:       f3 0f 5a c9             cvtss2sd %xmm1,%xmm1
 80482df:       66 0f 3a 0b c9 01       roundsd $0x1,%xmm1,%xmm1  <-- sse floor
 80482e5:       f2 0f 58 c1             addsd  %xmm1,%xmm0
 80482e9:       83 e8 01                sub    $0x1,%eax
 80482ec:       f2 0f 5a c0             cvtsd2ss %xmm0,%xmm0
 80482f0:       75 de                   jne    80482d0 <main+0x20>

2.17:

8048300:       0f 28 c8                movaps %xmm0,%xmm1
 8048303:       66 0f ef db             pxor   %xmm3,%xmm3
 8048307:       f3 0f 58 ca             addss  %xmm2,%xmm1
 804830b:       f3 0f 5a d9             cvtss2sd %xmm1,%xmm3
 804830f:       f2 0f 11 5d e0          movsd  %xmm3,-0x20(%ebp)
 8048314:       dd 45 e0                fldl   -0x20(%ebp)        <---
 8048317:       d9 7d f4                fnstcw -0xc(%ebp)
 804831a:       0f b7 55 f4             movzwl -0xc(%ebp),%edx
 804831e:       81 e2 ff f3 00 00       and    $0xf3ff,%edx
 8048324:       81 ca 00 04 00 00       or     $0x400,%edx        floor
 804832a:       66 89 55 f6             mov    %dx,-0xa(%ebp)
 804832e:       d9 6d f6                fldcw  -0xa(%ebp)
 8048331:       d9 fc                   frndint                  
 8048333:       d9 6d f4                fldcw  -0xc(%ebp)          --->
 8048336:       f3 0f 5a c0             cvtss2sd %xmm0,%xmm0
 804833a:       83 e8 01                sub    $0x1,%eax
 804833d:       dd 5d e0                fstpl  -0x20(%ebp)
 8048340:       f2 0f 58 45 e0          addsd  -0x20(%ebp),%xmm0
 8048345:       f2 0f 5a c0             cvtsd2ss %xmm0,%xmm0
 8048349:       75 b5                   jne    8048300 <main+0x30>

Compiler doesn't generate bultin in this case so floor from math.h file is used. 

Issue probably occured after one of those:

commit 25f1282ae5072ccf586f041356ddde02f069c4ff
Author: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 15 13:56:26 2012 -0700
 
    Use i386 bits/mathinline.h for i386 and x86_64
 
commit ed1825f858842b102f735b129ca1e569e2247809
Author: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 15 06:52:47 2012 -0700
 
    Disable x87 inline functions for x86-64

Issue was found during looking on performance degradation at spec2K/177.mesa happened after migration on newer version of Fedora