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Ping.
Bryce Schober wrote:
I haven't gotten anything on the crossgcc list, so I'm going to cross-post this here. FYI, the toolchain is gcc-3.3 / newlib-1.11.0.
Thanks for any advice you can give me.
-------- Original Message -------- Subject: alloc problem? Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 15:12:14 -0800 From: Bryce Schober <bryceman@dpzone.com> To: crossgcc@sources.redhat.com
Our arm-elf project here has been plagued with problems when trying to use
sprintf. We've gotten by without it by writing some of our own conversion
functions, but ideally we'd be able to use c++, which would need use alloc a
lot. My instinct tells me that alloc is the problem, because the problems we've
had with sprintf are fairly unpredictable and it's the only function that we're
using that needs an alloc. Furthermore, I suspect that the root of the problem
may be our linker script (because the wierd behavior of sprintf has seemed to
variy with program size at times), but I know little about linker scripts, and
nothing about what the alloc functions require of one.
Here's our linker script:
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/src/arm-elf-gcc-combined/installs-combined/arm-elf/lib");
SECTIONS { . = 0x00008000; ER_RO : { *(ER_RO) } .text : { *(.text ) } .rodata : { *(.rodata) } .data : { *(.data) } __bss_start__ = .; .bss : { *(.bss) } /* __sbss_start = .; */ /*__sbss_end = .; */ __bss_end__ = .; . += 0x4000;
PROVIDE (__stack = .); _end = .; end = .; /* .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } */ /* .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } */ /* .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } */ /* .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } */ }
GNU ld version 2.11.92 20011103 Supported emulations: armelf using internal linker script: ================================================== /* Default linker script, for normal executables */ OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm", "elf32-bigarm", "elf32-littlearm") OUTPUT_ARCH(arm) ENTRY(_start) SEARCH_DIR(/notnfs/jjohnstn/arm/arm-elf/lib); /* Do we need any of these for elf? __DYNAMIC = 0; */ SECTIONS { /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */ . = 0x8000; .interp : { *(.interp) } .hash : { *(.hash) } .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) } .rel.init : { *(.rel.init) } .rela.init : { *(.rela.init) } .rel.text : { *(.rel.text) *(.rel.text.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.t.*) } .rela.text : { *(.rela.text) *(.rela.text.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.t.*) } .rel.fini : { *(.rel.fini) } .rela.fini : { *(.rela.fini) } .rel.rodata : { *(.rel.rodata) *(.rel.rodata.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rela.rodata : { *(.rela.rodata) *(.rela.rodata.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rel.data : { *(.rel.data) *(.rel.data.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.d.*) } .rela.data : { *(.rela.data) *(.rela.data.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.d.*) } .rel.ctors : { *(.rel.ctors) } .rela.ctors : { *(.rela.ctors) } .rel.dtors : { *(.rel.dtors) } .rela.dtors : { *(.rela.dtors) } .rel.got : { *(.rel.got) } .rela.got : { *(.rela.got) } .rel.sdata : { *(.rel.sdata) *(.rel.sdata.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.s.*) } .rela.sdata : { *(.rela.sdata) *(.rela.sdata.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.s.*) } .rel.sbss : { *(.rel.sbss) *(.rel.sbss.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.sb.*) } .rela.sbss : { *(.rela.sbss) *(.rela.sbss.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.sb.*) } .rel.sdata2 : { *(.rel.sdata2) *(.rel.sdata2.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.s2.*) } .rela.sdata2 : { *(.rela.sdata2) *(.rela.sdata2.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.s2.*) } .rel.sbss2 : { *(.rel.sbss2) *(.rel.sbss2.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.sb2.*) } .rela.sbss2 : { *(.rela.sbss2) *(.rela.sbss2.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.sb2.*) } .rel.bss : { *(.rel.bss) *(.rel.bss.*) *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.b.*) } .rela.bss : { *(.rela.bss) *(.rela.bss.*) *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.b.*) } .rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) } .rela.plt : { *(.rela.plt) } .init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } =0 .plt : { *(.plt) } .text : { *(.text) *(.text.*) *(.stub) /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */ *(.gnu.warning) *(.gnu.linkonce.t.*) *(.glue_7t) *(.glue_7) } =0 .fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0 PROVIDE (__etext = .); PROVIDE (_etext = .); PROVIDE (etext = .); .rodata : { *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.r.*) } .rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } .sdata2 : { *(.sdata2) *(.sdata2.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.s2.*) } .sbss2 : { *(.sbss2) *(.sbss2.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.sb2.*) } /* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to the same address within the page on the next page up. */ . = ALIGN(256) + (. & (256 - 1)); .data : { *(.data) *(.data.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.d.*) SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) } .data1 : { *(.data1) } .eh_frame : { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } .gcc_except_table : { *(.gcc_except_table) } .dynamic : { *(.dynamic) } .ctors : { /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o is in. */ KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors)) /* We don't want to include the .ctor section from from the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors. The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the end of ctors marker and it must be last */ KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o ) .ctors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) KEEP (*(.ctors)) } .dtors : { KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors)) KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o ) .dtors)) KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) KEEP (*(.dtors)) } .jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) } .got : { *(.got.plt) *(.got) } /* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so we can shorten the on-disk segment size. */ .sdata : { *(.sdata) *(.sdata.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.s.*) } _edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .); __bss_start = .; __bss_start__ = .; .sbss : { PROVIDE (__sbss_start = .); PROVIDE (___sbss_start = .); *(.dynsbss) *(.sbss) *(.sbss.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.sb.*) *(.scommon) PROVIDE (__sbss_end = .); PROVIDE (___sbss_end = .); } .bss : { *(.dynbss) *(.bss) *(.bss.*) *(.gnu.linkonce.b.*) *(COMMON) /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. */ . = ALIGN(32 / 8); } . = ALIGN(32 / 8); _end = .; _bss_end__ = . ; __bss_end__ = . ; __end__ = . ; PROVIDE (end = .); /* Stabs debugging sections. */ .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } /* DWARF debug sections. Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. */ /* DWARF 1 */ .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } .line 0 : { *(.line) } /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } /* DWARF 2 */ .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) *(.gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } .stack 0x80000 : { _stack = .; *(.stack) } /* These must appear regardless of . */ } ==================================================
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