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Re: error: no memory region specified for loadable '.ram_vectors'
- From: "Agus Ariffianto" <aariffianto at s dot ee dot itb dot ac dot id>
- To: "Andrew Lunn" <andrew at lunn dot ch>, "Ram Sudhir Tadavarthi" <ram dot tadavarthi at netco dot de>
- Cc: "Mahmud Galela" <mgalela at vlsi dot itb dot ac dot id>, <ecos-discuss at ecos dot sourceware dot org>
- Date: Tue, 30 May 2006 18:48:03 +0700
- Subject: Re: [ECOS] error: no memory region specified for loadable '.ram_vectors'
- References: <20060530071313.2C71820E04C@gemmini.netco.de>
- Virus-scanned: antivirus-ITB
Dear Andrew, Ram, Mahmud, and ALL,
Instead of using sparc-elf-gcc (which is produce error message), now I'm
using sparc-rtems-gcc. sparc-rtems-gcc produce warning ONLY and output file
created (I don't know wether this 'output file' was the right one).
[agus]$ which sparc-rtems-gcc
/gnutools/rtems-4.6/bin/sparc-rtems-gcc
[agus]$ sparc-rtems-gcc -I leon_install/include/ ../hello.c -o hello.out -L
leon_install/lib/ -Ttarget.ld -nostdlib
GNU gdb 5.3
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain
conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as
"--host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=sparc-tsim-elf"..."/home/agus/work/project-eCos/LEON/sparc-elf-3.2.3/hello.exe":
not in executable format: File format not recognized
The hello.out was created then I enter the following command:
[agus]$ sparc-rtems-objcopy -O binary hello.out hello.bin
Then the hello.bin was successfully created.
Next, I use tsim (evaluation version).
In terminal 1:
[agus@localhost ~]$ tsim-leon3 -gdb
This TSIM evaluation version will expire February 1, 2007
TSIM/LEON3 SPARC simulator, version 2.0.4 (evaluation version)
Copyright (C) 2001, Gaisler Research - all rights reserved.
This software may only be used with a valid license.
For latest updates, go to http://www.gaisler.com/
Comments or bug-reports to tsim@gaisler.com
serial port A on stdin/stdout
allocated 4096 K RAM memory, in 1 bank(s)
allocated 2048 K ROM memory
icache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total)
dcache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total)
gdb interface: using port 1234
In terminal 2:
[agus@localhost sparc-elf-3.2.3]$ sparc-rtems-gdb hello.bin
GNU gdb 5.3
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain
conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as
"--host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=sparc-tsim-elf"..."/home/agus/work/project-eCos/LEON/sparc-elf-3.2.3/hello.bin":
not in executable format: File format not recognized
(gdb) tar extended-remote localhost:1234
Remote debugging using localhost:1234
0x00000000 in ?? ()
(gdb) load
No executable file specified.
Use the "file" or "exec-file" command.
(gdb) run
The program being debugged has been started already.
Start it from the beginning? (y or n)
My questions are:
1. Why message: "...hello.bin": not in executable format: File format not
recognized." turn up?
2. How to create 'the executable file'? I was successfully created ecos
bootable disk (run in PC, showing hello ecos). I enter command (in cygwin
environment):
[cygwin-agus]$ dd conv=sync if=hello.bin of=/dev/fd0
What should I do to produce the same executable (or bootable <?>) file?
Thank you very much
Best regards,
Agus
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