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I have just been working with the Gnu C++ compiler, and using inline member functions to return a reference to a local object is a slick way to implement subscripting of bitfields in memory mapped I/O device registers. This technique would not work if stack space for block local objects were recycled the way you want. It is necessary for the compiler to generate a stack that expands for the duration of the file scoped function for the reference to be valid outside the scope of of the inline member function. The locals are only reclaimed at the end of the outermost block that has file scope. I do think that there is a compiler option to make it behave the way you want, however. -- -------- "And there came a writing to him from Elijah" [2Ch 21:12] -------- Robert Jay Brown III rj@eli.wariat.org http://eli.wariat.org 1 847 705-0424 Elijah Laboratories Inc.; 37 South Greenwood Avenue; Palatine, IL 60067-6328 ----- M o d e l i n g t h e M e t h o d s o f t h e M i n d ------